Scholars & science
Imams, scientists and inventors- Imam Abu Hanifahأبو حنيفةFounder of the Hanafi school of fiqh699–767 CE· KufaIslamic law
- Imam Malik ibn Anasمالك بن أنسFounder of the Maliki school; author of al-Muwattaʾ711–795 CE· MadinahIslamic lawHadith
- Imam al-Shafiʿiمحمد بن إدريس الشافعيFounder of the Shafiʿi school; author of al-Risalah767–820 CE· CairoIslamic law
- Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbalأحمد بن حنبلFounder of the Hanbali school; compiler of al-Musnad780–855 CE· BaghdadIslamic lawHadith
- Imam al-Bukhariمحمد بن إسماعيل البخاريCompiler of Sahih al-Bukhari810–870 CE· BukharaHadith
- Imam Muslimمسلم بن الحجاجCompiler of Sahih Muslimc. 815–875 CE· NishapurHadith
- al-Khwarizmiمحمد بن موسى الخوارزميFather of algebrac. 780–850 CE· BaghdadMathematicsAstronomy
- Jabir ibn Hayyanجابر بن حيانEarly chemistc. 721–815 CE· KufaChemistry
- al-Kindiيعقوب بن إسحاق الكندي"The philosopher of the Arabs"c. 801–873 CE· BaghdadPhilosophyMathematics
- Abu Bakr al-Raziأبو بكر الرازيPhysician of Rayy and Baghdadc. 865–925 CE· RayyMedicineChemistry
- al-Farabiأبو نصر الفارابي"The Second Teacher" (after Aristotle)c. 872–950 CE· DamascusPhilosophy
- al-Zahrawiأبو القاسم الزهراويFather of modern surgeryc. 936–1013 CE· CórdobaMedicine
- Ibn al-Haythamالحسن بن الهيثمPioneer of optics and the experimental methodc. 965–1040 CE· CairoPhysics & opticsMathematics
- al-Biruniأبو الريحان البيرونيAstronomer, geographer and polymathc. 973–1050 CE· GhazniAstronomyGeographyMathematics
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna)ابن سيناAuthor of The Canon of Medicine980–1037 CE· HamadanMedicinePhilosophy
- al-Idrisiالشريف الإدريسيGeographer and map-makerc. 1100–1165 CE· PalermoGeography
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)ابن رشدPhilosopher, judge and physician of Córdoba1126–1198 CE· CórdobaPhilosophyIslamic lawMedicine
- al-Jazariبديع الزمان الجزريEngineer of ingenious machinesc. 1136–1206 CE· DiyarbakırEngineering
- Ibn Battutaابن بطوطةThe great travellerc. 1304–1369 CE· TangierTravelGeography
- Ibn Khaldunابن خلدونHistorian; author of the Muqaddimah1332–1406 CE· TunisHistory
- Fatimah al-Fihriفاطمة الفهريةFounder of al-Qarawiyyin in Fezd. c. 880 CE· FezEducation
- Mariam al-Ijliya (al-Astrulabi)مريم الإسطرلابيAstrolabe makerd. c. 967 CE· AleppoAstronomyEngineering
- Mimar Sinanمعمار سنانChief architect of the Ottoman Empirec. 1490–1588 CE· IstanbulArchitecture
Prepared from standard sources; pending scholar review.