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Timeline

Key events across the centuries

Before recorded dates

  1. UndatedAdam, the first human and prophetSource: The Noble Quran · Qisas al-Anbiyaʾ
  2. UndatedNuh and the FloodSource: The Noble Quran · Qisas al-Anbiyaʾ
  3. UndatedIbrahim, the friend of AllahSource: The Noble Quran · Qisas al-Anbiyaʾ
  4. UndatedIbrahim and Ismaʿil raise the KaʿbahSource: The Noble Quran
  5. UndatedMusa, Pharaoh and the parting of the seaSource: The Noble Quran · Qisas al-Anbiyaʾ
  6. UndatedDawud is given the ZaburSource: The Noble Quran · Qisas al-Anbiyaʾ
  7. UndatedʿIsa son of MaryamSource: The Noble Quran · Qisas al-Anbiyaʾ

6th century CE

  1. c. 570 CEThe Year of the ElephantSource: The Noble Quran · al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah

7th century CE

  1. c. 605 CEQuraysh rebuild the KaʿbahSource: al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah
  2. 610 CEFirst revelation in Cave HiraSource: The Noble Quran · al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah
  3. 622 CE · 1 AHThe Hijrah to MadinahSource: al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah
  4. 630 CE · 8 AHConquest of Makkah; idols removed from the KaʿbahSource: al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah · Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  5. 632 CE · 11 AHThe Prophet ﷺ passes awaySource: al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah
  6. 632 CE · 11 AHAbu Bakr becomes the first caliphSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  7. 634 CE · 13 AHʿUmar ibn al-Khattab becomes caliphSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  8. c. 637 CE · 16 AHJerusalem joins the Muslim stateSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk · The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
  9. 644 CE · 23 AHʿUthman ibn ʿAffan becomes caliphSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  10. c. 650 CEStandard copies of the mushaf sent to the citiesSource: Sahih al-Bukhari
  11. 656 CE · 35 AHʿAli ibn Abi Talib becomes caliphSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  12. 661 CE · 41 AHThe Umayyad Caliphate beginsSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk · The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
  13. c. 683 CE · 64 AHIbn al-Zubayr rebuilds the KaʿbahSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  14. 691 CE · 72 AHDome of the Rock completedSource: Islamic Arts

8th century CE

  1. 711 CE · 92 AHTariq ibn Ziyad crosses into IberiaSource: The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
  2. 715 CE · 96 AHGreat Mosque of Damascus completedSource: Islamic Arts
  3. 750 CE · 132 AHThe Abbasid Caliphate beginsSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk · The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
  4. 762 CE · 145 AHBaghdad foundedSource: Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk
  5. 767 CE · 150 AHImam Abu Hanifah passes awaySource: Siyar Aʿlam al-Nubalaʾ
  6. 785 CE · 169 AHGreat Mosque of Córdoba begunSource: Islamic Arts

9th century CE

  1. c. 820 CEal-Khwarizmi's book on algebraSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. c. 830 CEThe House of Wisdom flourishesSource: The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
  3. 859 CE · 245 AHFatimah al-Fihri founds al-QarawiyyinSource: The Venture of Islam
  4. 870 CE · 256 AHImam al-Bukhari passes awaySource: Siyar Aʿlam al-Nubalaʾ

10th century CE

  1. 929 CE · 316 AHCaliphate of Córdoba declaredSource: The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates

11th century CE

  1. c. 1021 CEIbn al-Haytham's Book of OpticsSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. c. 1025 CEIbn Sina's Canon of MedicineSource: The Venture of Islam

12th century CE

  1. 1154 CEal-Idrisi's world mapSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. 1187 CE · 583 AHSalah al-Din recovers JerusalemSource: al-Bidayah wa'l-Nihayah

13th century CE

  1. 1206 CE · 602 AHal-Jazari's book of mechanical devicesSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. 1258 CE · 656 AHThe Mongols sack BaghdadSource: al-Bidayah wa'l-Nihayah
  3. c. 1299 CEThe Ottoman state is foundedSource: The Venture of Islam

14th century CE

  1. c. 1354 CEThe Alhambra palaces flourishSource: Islamic Arts
  2. 1377 CE · 779 AHIbn Khaldun completes the MuqaddimahSource: The Venture of Islam

15th century CE

  1. 1453 CE · 857 AHMehmed II conquers ConstantinopleSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. 1492 CE · 897 AHFall of GranadaSource: The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates

16th century CE

  1. 1517 CE · 923 AHOttomans take Egypt and protect the HijazSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. 1520 CE · 926 AHSüleyman the Magnificent begins his reignSource: The Venture of Islam
  3. 1557 CE · 964 AHSüleymaniye Mosque completedSource: Islamic Arts

17th century CE

  1. 1616 CE · 1025 AHSultan Ahmed Mosque completedSource: Islamic Arts
  2. c. 1629 CEShah Mosque of Isfahan completedSource: Islamic Arts
  3. c. 1630 CEKaʿbah walls rebuilt after a floodSource: The Venture of Islam
  4. c. 1653 CETaj Mahal completedSource: Islamic Arts
  5. 1673 CEBadshahi Mosque completedSource: Islamic Arts

20th century CE

  1. 1924 CE · 1342 AHThe Ottoman caliphate is abolishedSource: The Venture of Islam
  2. 1955 CEModern expansions of Masjid al-Haram beginSource: The Venture of Islam

Prepared from standard sources; pending scholar review.