Makkah & Madinah

• Masjid al-Haramالمسجد الحرامThe Sacred Mosque surrounds the Kaʿbah in Makkah. It is the largest mosque in the world and the destination of Hajj and Umrah.
• The Kaʿbahالكعبة المشرفةThe cube-shaped House at the centre of Masjid al-Haram, draped in the black kiswah. Muslims everywhere face it in prayer.
• The Black Stoneالحجر الأسودSet in the eastern corner of the Kaʿbah, where each circuit of tawaf begins and ends. Pilgrims kiss it, touch it, or point to it from a distance.
• Maqam Ibrahimمقام إبراهيمThe stone on which Prophet Ibrahim stood while building the Kaʿbah, kept in a glass and metal enclosure facing the Kaʿbah.
• The Well of Zamzamبئر زمزمThe blessed spring that flows beneath Masjid al-Haram. Its water is available to pilgrims throughout the mosque.
• Hijr Ismaʿil (al-Hatim)حجر إسماعيلThe low semi-circular wall on the north-west side of the Kaʿbah. Tawaf is performed around the outside of it.
• Safa and Marwahالصفا والمروةTwo small hills, now inside the mosque, joined by the covered walkway (al-Masʿa) where pilgrims perform saʿi.
• MinaمنىA valley east of Makkah, known for its vast tent city. Pilgrims stay here during the days of Hajj and stone the Jamarat.
• ʿArafat and Jabal al-RahmahعرفاتThe plain where pilgrims stand on the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah from midday until sunset. Jabal al-Rahmah is the small hill at its centre.
• MuzdalifahمزدلفةAn open area between ʿArafat and Mina where pilgrims spend the night after ʿArafah, pray Maghrib and ʿIsha together, and collect pebbles.
• Jabal al-Nur and the Cave of Hiraجبل النور وغار حراءA steep mountain north-east of Makkah. Near its summit is the small Cave of Hira, where the Prophet ﷺ used to seclude himself in worship.
• Jabal Thawrجبل ثورA mountain south of Makkah with a cave near its top.
• Jannat al-Muʿallaجنة المعلاةThe historic cemetery of Makkah, north of Masjid al-Haram.
• Masjid ʿAʾishah (al-Tanʿim)مسجد عائشة (التنعيم)A mosque at al-Tanʿim, the closest point outside the sacred boundary of Makkah, used by residents to enter ihram for Umrah.

Prepared from standard seerah sources; pending scholar review.